13 SAVETA PROTIV STRESA
„Živeti znači prilagođavati se! Kad, na kratko, čovek prestane da se prilagođava, on spava. Kad potpuno prestane da se prilagođava, on je umro“, govorio je moj otac, profesor filozofije. On je prestao da se prilagođava pre 30 godina ali se ovih njegovih reči vrlo često setim.
Sredinom XX veka, sa brzim industrijskim razvojem, pojavio se novi sloj rukovodilaca, takozvanih menadžera. To su bili ljudi u životnom dobu između 40 i 50 godina, sa platom od 5 – 6 hiljada dolara, koji su imali zavidan status i ugled u društvu, dobar automobil, kredit za stan iz snova, … Ali kao rezultat stalnog preopterećenja i stanja napregnutosti, neracionalnog načina rada i života, neredovne ishrane i odsustva od porodice, bez obzira na korišćenje velike količine sedativa, postajali su sve manje tolerantni, a sve češće „eksplodirali“ u krugu najbližih. Zbog stalne napetosti i pritiska, uočeno je da su se kod njih veoma često javljali različiti oblici psihosomatskih poremećaja (npr. povišeni krvni pritisak, „lupanje“ srca, dijabetes, čir na želucu, gorušica, nesanica i dr.), koji su kolokvijalno nazvani “menadžerska bolest”.
U traženju rešenja ovog zdravstvenog problema, kanadski lekar Hans Seli (Hans Selye), uveo je pojam opšteg adaptacionog sindroma (OAS), kao skup međusobno povezanih nespecifičnih stres-reakcija organizma i problem stresa dospeo je u fokus nauke i medicine.
Pojam stresa označava stanje pretnje telesnoj, duševnoj, socijalnoj i duhovnoj ravnoteži organizma.
Faktore koji prete ravnoteži organizma nazivamo faktorima stresa tj stresorima. U stresore pre svega spadaju negativni događaji, kao što su smrt deteta ili partnera, razvod ili raskid, smrt bliskog rođaka, zatvorska kazna, povreda ili bolest, gubitak posla, selidba, ozbiljna bolest u porodici, seksualni problemi, promena posla, novčani problemi, smrt bliskog prijatelja,… Ali u stresore spadaju i pozitivni događaji, kao što su venčanje, rođenje deteta, selidba (u bolji stan ili kuću), pomirenje sa partnerom, odlazak u penziju, trudnoća, beba u porodici…
Adaptacija je proces stalnog uspostavljanja ravnoteže sa okruženjem putem prilagođavanja na stalno menjajuće uslove životne sredine. Adaptacija je aktivan proces održavanja biološke ravnoteže, pri kome se organizam stalno prilagođava na izmene faktora spoljašnje ili unutrašnje sredine.
Stres je neizbežna posledica života. Do određene granice, koja je individualna, stres doprinosi boljem prilagođenju pojedinca zahtevima svakodnevnog života i rada. Međutim, kada se ta granica pređe, stres postaje štetan i prouzrokuje mnogobrojne psihosomatske bolesti.
Donosimo savete psihologa, koji će vam olakšati da se adaptirate i izborite sa ovim, velikim problemom savremenog doba:
- VOLITE ONO ŠTO RADITE. Radićete bolje. Zamislite cilj i pokušajte da ga dostignete s obzirom na Vaše sposobnosti adaptacije.
- SASTAVITE INVENTAR VAŠIH FAKTORA STRESA i pokušajte da eliminišete one koji su odgovorni za nepotrebne teskobe i frustracuje.
- NE TRAŽITE DA SE SVIMA SVIDITE, jer nećete to postići.
- BUDITE ONAKVI KAKVI STE. Ne naprežite se da živite u svetu koji nije Vaš. Nepotrebno ćete potrošiti svoju energiju adaptacije.
- MISLITE NA SEBE.
- Ako treba, SPASITE SE OD OKOLINE, PREKINITE SASTANAK, telefonski razgovor. Bolji je beg od nepotrebne bitke.
- KAŽITE ŠTA MISLITE, ŠTA OSEĆATE, ne čuvajte to za sebe.
- REŠITE SVOJE PROBLEME, NE BEŽITE OD NJIH i ne ostavljajte ih za sutra.
- PRIPREMITE SE za svoje PROFESIONALNE, PORODIČNE i OSEĆAJNE PROMENE i izbegavajte važne. Suviše istovremenih promena dovodi do stresa.
- UVEDITE PRAZNINE U VAŠ RADNI DAN i svakodnevnu aktivnost, i zone stabilnosti, koje ne zahtevaju nikakav napor adaptacije.
- IZOLUJTE SE I NAPRAVITE SVAKODNEVNO DVE PAUZE po 15 minuta za odmor.
- BAVITE SE SPORTOM sat i po nedeljno, ali ne bilo kojim.
- Ostavite auto i naučite da hodate. SMANJITE TERET POSLA i ne žrtvujte vreme za razonodu.
Izvor: narodni-lekar.com
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